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<title>Al-Rastan</title>

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</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Al-Rastan</div>

<div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الرستن</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="List_of_cities_in_Syria" title="List of cities in Syria">City</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Ar-Rastan (on hill in background) and <a href="Norias_of_Hama" title="Norias of Hama">waterwheel</a> (forefront) separated by Orontes River, 1930s</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1291884410">

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</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:47.911%;left:23.5%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Al-Rastan"></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div>Al-Rastan</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in Syria</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">

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</style><span class=" nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="geo:34.916666666666664,36.733333333333334"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°55′N</span> <span class="longitude">36°44′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.917°N 36.733°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">34.917; 36.733</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></span> <a href="Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Governorates_of_Syria" title="Governorates of Syria">Governorate</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Homs_Governorate" title="Homs Governorate">Homs</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Districts_of_Syria" title="Districts of Syria">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Al-Rastan_District" title="Al-Rastan District">Al-Rastan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Nahiyah" title="Nahiyah">Subdistrict</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Al-Rastan</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Control</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Syrian_caretaker_government" title="Syrian caretaker government">Syrian transitional government</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">430 m (1,410 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2004)<sup id="cite_ref-CBS_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">39,834</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (<a href="Eastern_European_Time" title="Eastern European Time">EET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">+3</td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><b>Al-Rastan</b> (<a href="Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الرستن</span>) is the third largest city in the <a href="Homs_Governorate" title="Homs Governorate">Homs Governorate</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> located 25 kilometers (16 mi) north of its administrative capital <a href="Homs" title="Homs">Homs</a> and 22 kilometers (14 mi) from <a href="Hama" title="Hama">Hama</a>. Nearby localities include <a href="Talbiseh" title="Talbiseh">Talbiseh</a> and <a href="Al-Ghantu" title="Al-Ghantu">al-Ghantu</a> to the south, <a href="Al-Zaafaraniyah" title="Al-Zaafaraniyah">al-Zaafaraniyah</a> and <a href="Al-Mashrafah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Mashrafah">al-Mashrafah</a> to the southeast, <a href="Murayj_al-Durr" title="Murayj al-Durr">Murayj al-Durr</a> to the northeast, <a href="Tumin" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumin">Tumin</a> to the north, <a href="Deir_al-Fardis" title="Deir al-Fardis">Deir al-Fardis</a> to the northwest and <a href="Kafr_Nan" title="Kafr Nan">Kafr Nan</a> and the <a href="Houla" title="Houla">Houla</a> village cluster to the west.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ar-Rastan had a population of nearly 40,000 in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-CBS_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>It occupies the site of the Hellenistic-era city of <b>Arethusa</b> (<a href="Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Ἀρέθουσα</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and still contains some of its ancient ruins. It continued to exist as a relatively small, but strategic town throughout the early Islamic and Ottoman eras. Ar-Rastan is situated adjacently south of the large bridge linking Homs and Hama.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The total land area of the town is 350 hectares.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the site of the <a href="Al-Rastan_Dam" title="Al-Rastan Dam">al-Rastan Dam</a>, a major <a href="Dam" title="Dam">dam</a> on the <a href="Orontes_River" title="Orontes River">Orontes River</a> that has a retaining capacity of 225 million m<sup>3</sup>. The dam is principally used for irrigation.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city also contains one of Syria's principal <a href="Marl" title="Marl">marlstone</a> quarries.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>From the start of the <a href="Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Civil War">Syrian Civil War</a> until 2018, Ar-Rastan served as a major opposition stronghold and had been the site of much fighting between <a href="Syrian_Armed_Forces" title="Syrian Armed Forces">Syrian Armed Forces</a> and rebels of various factions. The Syrian government retook control of the city on 15 May 2018 as part of an agreement which allowed rebels and their families safe passage to rebel-held parts of northern Syria in exchange for surrendering the territory along with their heavy weapons.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Classical_era">Classical era</h3></div>

<p>Ar-Rastan was built on the site of ancient Arethusa. According to Roman historian <a href="Appian" title="Appian">Appian</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Cohen101_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cohen101-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arethusa was established by <a href="Seleucus_I_Nicator" title="Seleucus I Nicator">Seleucus I Nicator</a>, founder of the <a href="Seleucid_dynasty" title="Seleucid dynasty">Seleucid dynasty</a> in the 3rd century BC.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most sources agree Seleucus named it after the city of <a href="Arethusa_(Mygdonia)" title="Arethusa (Mygdonia)">Arethusa</a> in <a href="Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedon">Macedonia</a>, but others claim it was named after a spring in <a href="Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a> with the same name.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arethusa in native <a href="Syriac_Christians" class="mw-redirect" title="Syriac Christians">Syriac</a> was called Arastan, also mentioned in the Christian <a href="First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">First Council of Nicaea</a> in 325 AD. To a lesser extent, the name "Arastan" continued to be used by the indigenous inhabitants, alongside "Arethusa".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>It served as the first capital of the <a href="Royal_family_of_Emesa" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal family of Emesa">Emesani kingdom</a> in central Syria,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a vassal of the <a href="Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>, in the mid-1st-century BC.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roman historian <a href="Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a> stated that it was well governed under the <i><a href="Phylarch" title="Phylarch">phylarch</a></i> <a href="Sampsiceramus_I" title="Sampsiceramus I">Sampsiceramus I</a> from 64 to 63,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when the Roman general <a href="Pompey" title="Pompey">Pompey</a> captured it.<sup id="cite_ref-Burton64_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burton64-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Butcher92_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Butcher92-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Emesani control was restored by 46 BC when it was ruled by <a href="Iamblichus_(phylarch)" title="Iamblichus (phylarch)">Iamblichus I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cohen101_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cohen101-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="Final_War_of_the_Roman_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Final War of the Roman Republic">Roman civil war</a> that followed the death of <a href="Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a>, the city's inhabitants sided with <a href="Mark_Antony" title="Mark Antony">Mark Antony</a> against <a href="Octavian" class="mw-redirect" title="Octavian">Octavian</a>. Nonetheless, Arethusa became an independent city-state following Octavian's victory in the <a href="Battle_of_Actium" title="Battle of Actium">Battle of Actium</a> in 31 BC, but returned to Emesani control eleven years later. Thereafter, its status declined with the rise of nearby <a href="Emesa" class="mw-redirect" title="Emesa">Emesa</a> (modern-day Homs) as a religious and political center.<sup id="cite_ref-Butcher92_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Butcher92-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 3rd century AD, Roman Emperor <a href="Aurelian" title="Aurelian">Aurelian</a> stayed in the city during his campaign against <a href="Zenobia" title="Zenobia">Zenobia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Byzantine_era">Byzantine era</h3></div>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="Arethusa_(see)" title="Arethusa (see)">Arethusa (see)</a></div>

<p>Arethusa was a Christian <a href="Bishopric" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishopric">bishopric</a> by the beginning of the 4th century. The <a href="First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">First Council of Nicaea</a> in 325 counted among its participants a Bishop Eustathius of Arethusa.<sup id="cite_ref-Lequien_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lequien-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gams_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gams-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In the time of <a href="Roman_emperor" title="Roman emperor">Roman emperor</a> <a href="Constantius_II" title="Constantius II">Constantius II</a> (337–361), Bishop Marcus (Mark) of Arethusa was authorized to replace a <a href="Pagan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagan">pagan</a> temple in the city with a Christian church. Under <a href="Julian_the_Apostate" class="mw-redirect" title="Julian the Apostate">Julian the Apostate</a> (361–363), he was ordered to rebuild the temple. To avoid doing so he fled from the city, but returned to save the Christian people from paying the penalty in his stead, and in 362 underwent very cruel treatment at the hands of the pagan mob, as recounted by <a href="Theodoret" title="Theodoret">Theodoret</a> and <a href="Sozomen" title="Sozomen">Sozomen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is said to have been the author of the <a href="Creed_of_Sirmium" class="mw-redirect" title="Creed of Sirmium">Creed of Sirmium</a> (351) and was counted by <a href="Tillemont" class="mw-redirect" title="Tillemont">Tillemont</a> as an <a href="Arianism" title="Arianism">Arian</a>, but research by the <a href="Bollandists" class="mw-redirect" title="Bollandists">Bollandists</a> restored his reputation for orthodoxy and he is now counted as a saint by both the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Church.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lequien_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lequien-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>By a subdivision of the Roman province of <a href="Coele-Syria" title="Coele-Syria">Coele-Syria</a> after c. 415, Arethusa became part of the new province of <a href="Syria_(Roman_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Syria (Roman province)">Syria Secunda</a> or Syria Salutaris, with capital at <a href="Apamea%2C_Syria" title="Apamea, Syria">Apamea on the Orontes</a> (modern-day <a href="Qalaat_al-Madiq" title="Qalaat al-Madiq">Qalaat al-Madiq</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="Episcopal_see" title="Episcopal see">episcopal see</a> of Arethusa thus became a suffragan of the <a href="Metropolitan_see" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan see">metropolitan see</a> of Apamea rather than of Antioch.

</p><p>Other bishops of Arethusa whose names are known are: a second Mark, who took part in the <a href="Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Council of Chalcedon</a> in 451; Eusebius, one of the signatories of the letter that the bishops of Syria Secunda wrote to Emperor <a href="Leo_I_the_Thracian" class="mw-redirect" title="Leo I the Thracian">Leo I the Thracian</a> after the killing of Patriarch <a href="Proterius_of_Alexandria" title="Proterius of Alexandria">Proterius of Alexandria</a>; Severianus at the start of the 6th century; and Abraamius, who ordained the priest Constantinus of Apamea, accused of Monothelism at the <a href="Third_Council_of_Constantinople" title="Third Council of Constantinople">Third Council of Constantinople</a> (680–681).<sup id="cite_ref-Lequien_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lequien-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gams_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gams-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p><a href="Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanese</a> sources such as <a href="Giuseppe_Simone_Assemani" title="Giuseppe Simone Assemani">Giuseppe Simone Assemani</a> and Bishop Yusef al-Dibs claim that <a href="Maron" title="Maron">Maron</a>, the <a href="Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">patron saint</a> of the <a href="Maronite_Church" title="Maronite Church">Maronite Church</a>, who died in 410, was buried in Arethusa.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most Maronite sources also believe the Monastery of Maron was located in the city as well.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In the <a href="Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a> period, Arethusa (which was called Artasia) was for a short time a <a href="Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Rite</a> see, of which two bishops are known, mentioned respectively in 1100 and 1135.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since Arethusa is no longer a residential bishopric, it is today listed by the <a href="Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> as <a href="Titular_see_of_Arethusa" class="mw-redirect" title="Titular see of Arethusa">a titular see</a> for both the <a href="Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a> and the <a href="Syriac_Catholic_Church" title="Syriac Catholic Church">Syriac Catholic Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islamic_era">Islamic era</h3></div>

<p>According to early Muslim geographers,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ar-Rastan, despite its strong fortifications and large garrison was swiftly captured then destroyed by <a href="Abu_Ubaida" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Ubaida">Abu Ubaida</a>'s forces during the <a href="Muslim_conquest_of_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim conquest of Syria">Muslim conquest of Syria</a> in 634,<sup id="cite_ref-Burton64_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burton64-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while <a href="Umar" title="Umar">Umar ibn al-Khattab</a> was <a href="Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph">caliph</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-le_Strange520_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-le_Strange520-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In early 945 the <a href="Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a>-based <a href="Hamdanid" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamdanid">Hamdanids</a> under the leadership of <a href="Sayf_al-Dawla" title="Sayf al-Dawla">Sayf al-Dawla</a> decisively defeated the <a href="Ikhshidid_dynasty" title="Ikhshidid dynasty">Ikhshidid</a> army led by <a href="Abu_al-Misk_Kafur" title="Abu al-Misk Kafur">Abu al-Misk Kafur</a> at ar-Rastan from which they proceeded to conquer <a href="Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to one account, about 4,000 Ikshidid soldiers were taken captive in addition to hundreds killed in action or drowned in the Orontes River.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In 1115 while <a href="Artukid" class="mw-redirect" title="Artukid">Artukid</a> ruler <a href="Ilghazi" title="Ilghazi">Ilghazi</a> was resting at ar-Rastan on his way north to <a href="Diyarbak%C4%B1r" title="Diyarbakır">Diyarbakır</a>, Khir Khan ibn Qaraja, the <a href="Seljuk_dynasty" title="Seljuk dynasty">Seljuk</a> ruler of Homs, attacked his camp and briefly had him imprisoned.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following <a href="Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladin</a>'s arrival at ar-Rastan in February 1175, the Crusaders under <a href="Raymond_III%2C_Count_of_Tripoli" title="Raymond III, Count of Tripoli">Raymond of Tripoli</a> withdrew from their siege of Homs which was then captured by Saladin, bringing most of Syria under <a href="Ayyubid_dynasty" title="Ayyubid dynasty">Ayyubid</a> rule.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1226, during Ayyubid rule, Syrian geographer <a href="Yaqut_al-Hamawi" title="Yaqut al-Hamawi">Yaqut al-Hamawi</a> visited ar-Rastan and wrote that it was "a small and ancient town ... It is now a ruin, but the remains still show what was its former splendor."<sup id="cite_ref-le_Strange520_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-le_Strange520-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The <a href="Bahri_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahri dynasty">Mamluks</a> gained control over Syria in the 1260s, and organized the <a href="Bilad_al-Sham" title="Bilad al-Sham">region</a> into kingdoms subordinate to the <a href="Mamluk_Sultanate_(Cairo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)">sultanate in Cairo</a>. Ar-Rastan became the southernmost town of Mamlakat Hama ("Kingdom of Hama") near the border with Mamlakat Hims.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a <a href="Second_Battle_of_Homs" title="Second Battle of Homs">major battle</a> at a place between the town and Homs, the Mamluks under <a href="Qalawun" title="Qalawun">Qalawun</a> decisively defeated the invading <a href="Mongol_military_tactics_and_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol military tactics and organization">Mongol army</a> of the <a href="Ilkhanate" title="Ilkhanate">Ilkhanate</a> in 1281.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, in the early 14th century, <a href="Abu'l-Fida" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu'l-Fida">Abu'l-Fida</a> noted that in ar-Rastan, "Each of the houses is so large as to be almost like a village, with ruins everywhere round of buildings and walls." He further noted that a few arches, gates, parts of the city wall and its water channel were still present.<sup id="cite_ref-le_Strange520_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-le_Strange520-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In the late 16th-century or early 17th-century, during <a href="Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> rule, the <a href="Caravanserai" title="Caravanserai">caravanserai</a> Khan ar-Rastan was built just outside the town.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Abd_al-Ghani_al-Nabulsi" title="Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi">Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi</a>, the 17th-century <a href="Sufi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufi">Sufi</a> sheikh, visited the false tomb of Persian Sufi mystic <a href="Bayazid_Bastami" title="Bayazid Bastami">Abu Yazid al-Bistami</a> at ar-Rastan (the actual one is in <a href="Bastam" title="Bastam">Bistam</a>) in 1678, writing "over his grave there is splendor and awe, asserting his presence there."<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Khan al-Rastan was visited in 1745 by <a href="Edward_Pococke" title="Edward Pococke">Edward Pococke</a> who described it as a "huge fortified caravanserai" that was decaying rapidly.<sup id="cite_ref-Burton64_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burton64-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_era">Modern era</h3></div>

<p>At the beginning of the 19th-century, ar-Rastan was an impoverished village whose population engaged primarily in <a href="Husbandry" class="mw-redirect" title="Husbandry">husbandry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bey290_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bey290-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It occupied the northernmost part of Arethusa's ruins.<sup id="cite_ref-Walpole180_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walpole180-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like Homs during this period, its houses were built of black trapp.<sup id="cite_ref-Bey290_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bey290-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were described as small, ramshackle dwellings with mud roofs supported by wooden beams. A few buildings dating from the Mamluk era contained arches with the <i><a href="Ablaq" title="Ablaq">ablaq</a></i> architectural style.<sup id="cite_ref-Walpole180_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walpole180-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>During the <a href="Franco-Syrian_War" title="Franco-Syrian War">Franco-Syrian War</a>, ar-Rastan served as one of the bases for <a href="Saleh_al-Ali" class="mw-redirect" title="Saleh al-Ali">Saleh al-Ali</a> and his local allies and was shelled by French forces in early 1920.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two <a href="Sunni_Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni Muslim">Sunni Muslim</a> agricultural clans, the Firzat and the Hamdan, dominated ar-Rastan in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The former claimed descent from the <a href="Banu_'Abs" class="mw-redirect" title="Banu 'Abs">Banu 'Abs</a> tribe that arrived in Syria as part of <a href="Khalid_ibn_al-Walid" title="Khalid ibn al-Walid">Khalid ibn al-Walid</a>'s army in the mid-7th century. A member, Sheikh Abd al-Qader, served as ar-Rastan's <i><a href="Mukhtar" title="Mukhtar">mukhtar</a></i> in the late <a href="Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> and <a href="French_Mandate_of_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="French Mandate of Syria">French Mandate</a> periods.<sup id="cite_ref-Batatu152_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Batatu152-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Abd al-Qader was the father of <a href="Mustafa_Tlass" title="Mustafa Tlass">Mustafa Tlass</a> who would become Defense Minister under <a href="Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad">Hafez al-Assad</a> in 1972. The Hamdan had greater influence in the city and politically identified itself with the <a href="Nasserism" title="Nasserism">Nasserist</a> trend which gained mass appeal in the <a href="Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab world</a> in the 1950s–60s.<sup id="cite_ref-Batatu152_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Batatu152-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>On 23 March 1961, the Bulgarian Techno-Impex company completed the Rastan Dam while Syria was part of the <a href="United_Arab_Republic" title="United Arab Republic">United Arab Republic</a> with <a href="Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>. The dam is currently the third largest in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Syrian_Civil_War">Syrian Civil War</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="Siege_of_Rastan_and_Talbiseh" title="Siege of Rastan and Talbiseh">Siege of Rastan and Talbiseh</a>, <a href="Battle_of_Rastan_(2011)" title="Battle of Rastan (2011)">Battle of Rastan (2011)</a>, <a href="Battle_of_Rastan_(2012)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Rastan (2012)">Battle of Rastan (2012)</a>, and <a href="May_2012_battle_of_Rastan" class="mw-redirect" title="May 2012 battle of Rastan">May 2012 battle of Rastan</a></div>

<p>Ar-Rastan was one of the first cities to participate in the Syrian uprising against the government of <a href="Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a> that would lead to the ongoing <a href="Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Civil War">Syrian Civil War</a>. In mid-April 2011 large anti-government demonstrations began taking place in ar-Rastan as well as nearby <a href="Talbiseh" title="Talbiseh">Talbiseh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 28 April about 50 local <a href="Ba'ath_Party_(Syrian-led_faction)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ba'ath Party (Syrian-led faction)">Ba'ath Party</a> officials resigned from the organization in protest of the government and opposition activists claimed 17 demonstrators were killed by security forces.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 29 May, the Syrian Army launched an <a href="Siege_of_Rastan_and_Talbiseh" title="Siege of Rastan and Talbiseh">assault</a>, led by <a href="Hafez_Makhlouf" title="Hafez Makhlouf">Hafez Makhlouf</a>, on the city which lasted through most of the first week of June. By 2 June local activists claimed at least 52 civilians were killed, while the government stated four of its soldiers were killed in the offensive.<sup id="cite_ref-Reuters2_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reuters2-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>By August 2011, ar-Rastan was mostly in the hands of the opposition <a href="Free_Syrian_Army" title="Free Syrian Army">Free Syrian Army</a> (FSA) which was made up of defectors from the <a href="Syrian_Army" title="Syrian Army">Syrian Army</a> and civilian volunteers.<sup id="cite_ref-Ajami_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ajami-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <i><a href="Al_Jazeera_Media_Network" title="Al Jazeera Media Network">Al Jazeera</a></i>, "Many defectors from the army come from Rastan."<sup id="cite_ref-AJE1_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AJE1-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The unit based in the city called themselves the Khalid ibn al-Walid Battalion. That month saw the FSA target local government figures and sympathizers, and pro-government <a href="Shabiha" title="Shabiha">Shabiha</a> militiamen attack opposition-held neighborhoods. In late September the Syrian Army, reportedly backed by tanks and helicopters, launched an operation to retake the city resulting in <a href="Battle_of_Rastan_(2011)" title="Battle of Rastan (2011)">four days of fighting</a>. The Syrian Army succeeded and the FSA withdrew.<sup id="cite_ref-Ajami_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ajami-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Opposition militants regained control of the city by January 2012 reigniting continuous <a href="Battle_of_Rastan_(2012)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Rastan (2012)">clashes</a> between them and the security forces which started late that month.<sup id="cite_ref-AJE1_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AJE1-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 31 January ten activists and their relatives were killed in ar-Rastan after their building collapsed from Syrian Army fire.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 6 February a local FSA unit commander Ala'a al-Sheikh reported that at least 42 people were killed by the Syrian Army in the preceding three days.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 4 March the FSA had managed to repel the Syrian Army, although many of their fighters retreated "for tactical reasons" according to their local commander. Army shelling reportedly killed three people that day.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 14 May, opposition sources claimed that nine people were killed as a result of Syrian Army shelling, while 23 soldiers were killed after the FSA attacked Syrian Army armored carriers approaching the city. An FSA member stated that ar-Rastan "has been destroyed."<sup id="cite_ref-AJE1_49-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AJE1-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2015, the <a href="Syrian_Observatory_for_Human_Rights" title="Syrian Observatory for Human Rights">Syrian Observatory for Human Rights</a> claimed that <a href="ISIS" class="mw-redirect" title="ISIS">ISIS</a> killed seven men in the town, accusing them of being homosexual.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the northside of the city, the al-Bassel National Hospital is a major army base for government troops and is often the target of rebel shelling.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>On 16 May 2018, the Syrian government established control over city after the last rebels were transported to the Idlib Governorate.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>During the <a href="2024_Syrian_opposition_offensives" title="2024 Syrian opposition offensives">offensive</a> of December 2024, it was reported that a bridge in Rastan was bombed by Russian forces to impede the rebel advance.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div>

<p>In 1970 ar-Rastan's population was 7,509.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It had a population of 39,834 in 2004 according to the census by the <a href="Central_Bureau_of_Statistics_(Syria)" title="Central Bureau of Statistics (Syria)">Central Bureau of Statistics of Syria</a> (CBS). There were a total of 6,066 households.<sup id="cite_ref-CBS_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a> news agency put the city's population in 2011–2012 as roughly 60,000.<sup id="cite_ref-Reuters2_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reuters2-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The inhabitants are mostly <a href="Sunni_Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni Muslim">Sunni Muslims</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-CBS-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CBS_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CBS_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CBS_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130112185055/http://www.cbssyr.org/new%20web%20site/General_census/census_2004/NH/TAB04-18-2004.htm">General Census of Population and Housing 2004</a>. <a href="Central_Bureau_of_Statistics_(Syria)" title="Central Bureau of Statistics (Syria)">Syria Central Bureau of Statistics</a> (CBS). Homs Governorate. <span class="languageicon">(in Arabic)</span></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The first two largest cities in the Homs Governorate according to the <a href="Central_Bureau_of_Statistics_(Syria)" title="Central Bureau of Statistics (Syria)">Central Bureau of Statistics</a>' 2004 census are Homs (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbssyr.org/new%20web%20site/General_census/census_2004/NH/TAB04-1-2004.htm">652,609</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120731052244/http://www.cbssyr.org/new%20web%20site/General_census/census_2004/NH/TAB04-1-2004.htm">Archived</a> 2012-07-31 at <a href="Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a>) and <a href="Palmyra" title="Palmyra">Tadmur</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121220124749/http://www.cbssyr.org/new%20web%20site/General_census/census_2004/NH/TAB04-20-2004.htm">51,323</a>). <span class="languageicon">(in Arabic)</span></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Map depicting surrounding localities of ar-Rastan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mapcarta.com/12691570">Rastan Map</a>. Mapcarta.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/241#A116.5">Stephanus of Byzantium, Ethnica, §A116.5</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bar'el, Zvi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/news/middle-east/report-assad-s-air-force-pounds-population-centers-in-syria-s-rastan-1.416357">Report: Assad's air force pounds population centers in Syria's Rastan</a>. <i><a href="Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a></i>. 4 March 2012. Retrieved 28 June 2012.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esyria.sy/ehoms/index.php?p=stories&category=places&filename=200910211400022">الرستن جمال الطبيعة وأصالة التاريخ</a>. E-Syria. 21 October 2009.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.erhard.de/index.php?WaterfortheFields">Water for the Fields</a>. Talis. Retrieved 28 June 2012.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Britannica, p. 19.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Cohen101-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cohen101_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cohen101_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cohen, 2006, p. 101.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Levick, p. 7.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Byzantine historian Stephanos and French historian agree that Arethusa was named after the Arethusa of Greek Macedonia while Michael Avi-Yonah claims it was named after the <a href="Fountain_of_Arethusa" title="Fountain of Arethusa">Fountain of Arethusa</a> in Sicily. Cohen, 2006, p. 102.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cohen, 2006, p. 202.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Butcher, p. 91.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Levick, p. 12.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Levick, p. 8.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Burton64-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Burton64_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Burton64_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Burton64_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Burton, p. 64.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Butcher92-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Butcher92_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Butcher92_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Butcher, p. 92.</span>

</li>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFAlaric_Watson1999" class="citation journal cs1">Alaric Watson (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200218093748/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/8c91/960944f3f731ece4c99828c0e0e4f9f01c64.pdf">"Aurelian and the third century"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Classical World</i>. <b>94</b> (3). Routledge: <span class="nowrap">284–</span>286. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F4352566">10.2307/4352566</a>. <a href="JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4352566">4352566</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:153920517">153920517</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/8c91/960944f3f731ece4c99828c0e0e4f9f01c64.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2020-02-18.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Lequien-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lequien_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lequien_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lequien_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Michel Lequien, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_86weAemI-e4C"><i>Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus</i></a>, Paris 1740, Vol. II, coll. 915-916</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Gams-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gams_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gams_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">[Pius Bonifacius Gams, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wbc.poznan.pl/dlibra/doccontent?id=65154&dirids=1"><i>Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae</i></a>, Leipzig 1931, p. 436]</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Their accounts are given in both the original texts and in English translation in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lawofchristrespe00brow/page/351">John Brown, <i>The Law of Christ Respecting Civil Obedience</i> (London, 1839), pp. 351–356</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Martyrologium Romanum</i> (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2001, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-88-209-7210-3</bdi>), p. 198</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moosa, 2005, p. 7.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moosa, 2005, p. 23.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moosa, 2005, p. 27.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Konrad Eubel, <i>Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sul-derivatives.stanford.edu/derivative?CSNID=00002718&mediaType=application/pdf">vol. 3</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190321112249/http://sul-derivatives.stanford.edu/derivative?CSNID=00002718&mediaType=application%2Fpdf">Archived</a> 2019-03-21 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, p. 116; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/hierarchiacathol05eubeuoft#page/97/mode/1up">vol. 5</a>, p. 97; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/hierarchiacathol06eubeuoft#page/98/mode/1up">vol. 6</a>, p. 98</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Annuario Pontificio 2013</i> (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-88-209-9070-1</bdi>), p. 838</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="Istakhri" title="Istakhri">Istakhri</a> and <a href="Abu'l_Fida" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu'l Fida">Abu'l Fida</a>, quoted by le Strange, 1890, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/palestineundermo00lestuoft#page/519/mode/1up">519</a>–520.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-le_Strange520-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-le_Strange520_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-le_Strange520_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-le_Strange520_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">le Strange, 1890, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/palestineundermo00lestuoft#page/520/mode/1up">520</a>.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Houtsma, p. 676.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Breasted, p. 84.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richards, p. 167.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Houtsma, p. 466.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ibn al-Athir, p. 34.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ziadeh, 1953, p. 14.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Amitai-Preiss, 2005, p. 195.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grube, 1978, p. 103.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sirriyeh, p. 128.</span>

</li>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Walpole180-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Walpole180_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Walpole180_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Walpole, p. 180.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moosa, 1987, p. 282.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Batatu152-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Batatu152_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Batatu152_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Batatu, p. 152.</span>

</li>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-13130401">Syria protests: Homs city sit-in 'dispersed by gunfire'</a>. <i><a href="BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 19 April 2011. Retrieved 26 June 2012.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oweis, Khalid Yacoub. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160202053421/http://in.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-56765220110504">Syrian tanks deploy in town; hundreds detained</a>. <a href="Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 4 May 2011. Retrieved 26 June 2012.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Reuters2-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Reuters2_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reuters2_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Oweis, Khalid Yacoub. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-rastan-idUSTRE75131S20110602">Syria forces kill 11 civilians in Rastan: activists</a>. <a href="Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 2 June 2011. Retrieved 28 June 2012.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDagher2019" class="citation book cs1">Dagher, Sam (2019). <i>Assad or we burn the country : how one family's lust for power destroyed Syria</i>. New York: Little, Brown and Company. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-316-51830-7</bdi>. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1041615345">1041615345</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Ajami-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ajami_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ajami_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ajami, 2012, ch. Sarajevo on the Orontes.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-AJE1-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AJE1_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AJE1_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AJE1_49-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2012/05/20125148022185166.html">Syrian troops 'killed' in Rastan clashes</a>. <i><a href="Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera English</a></i>. Quote by Al Jazeera correspondent Rula Amin. 14 May 2012. Retrieved 27 June 2012.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oweis, Khalid Yacoub. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160203022916/http://in.reuters.com/article/syria-attack-idINDEE80U0GI20120131">Syrian forces kill 10 in rebel town</a>. <a href="Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 31 January 2012. Retrieved 27 June 2012.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weiss, Michael.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120209024125/http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/michaelweiss/100135384/russia-iran-and-hezbollah-are-already-intervening-in-syria-why-arent-we/">"Russia, Iran and Hezbollah are already intervening in Syria. Why aren't we?"</a>. <i><a href="The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i>. 6 February 2012. Retrieved 27 June 2012.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Abedine, Saad. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.cnn.com/2012-03-04/middleeast/world_meast_syria-unrest_1_homs-and-hama-local-coordination-committees-opposition-activists?_s=PM:MIDDLEEAST">More blood shed as rockets fall on Rastan, fears grow in Homs</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120512010429/http://articles.cnn.com/2012-03-04/middleeast/world_meast_syria-unrest_1_homs-and-hama-local-coordination-committees-opposition-activists?_s=PM%3AMIDDLEEAST">Archived</a> 2012-05-12 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>. 4 March 2012. Retrieved 27 June 2012.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/executes-10-people-accused-being-gay-syria-monitor-204159542.html">IS executes 10 people accused of being gay in Syria: monitor</a> AFP September 2015</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I8OzbZzpyVc">الجيش الحر يستهدف قوات النظام في المشفى الوطني بالرستن</a>, SMART News Agency, 23 déc. 2015</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sana.sy/en/?p=137892">"National flag hoisted over al-Rastan and Talbeisa"</a>. <a href="Syrian_Arab_News_Agency" title="Syrian Arab News Agency">Syrian Arab News Agency</a>. 16 May 2018.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180515184000/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-raises-flag-over-long-time-rebel-stronghold-in-northern-homs/">"Syrian Army raises flag over long-time rebel stronghold in northern Homs"</a>. <a href="Al_Masdar_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Masdar News">Al Masdar News</a>. 15 May 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-raises-flag-over-long-time-rebel-stronghold-in-northern-homs/">the original</a> on 15 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cn0x1n996z4o">"Anti-Assad rebels take most of southern Syrian region of Deraa, say reports"</a>. <i>www.bbc.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">United States. Office of International Health. Division of Planning and Evaluation, 1977, p. 131.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFOweis2012" class="citation news cs1">Oweis, Khaled Yacoub (10 June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/world/assad-forces-renew-homs-assault-idUSDEE85907Q/">"Assad forces renew Homs assault"</a>. <i>Reuters</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div>

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<li><cite id="CITEREFBurton1872" class="citation book cs1">Burton, Sir Richard Francis (1872). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TYwrAQAAIAAJ&q=Khan+Rastan"><i>Unexplored Syria: Visits to the Libanus, the Tulúl el Safá, the Anti-Libanus, the Northern Libanus, and the 'Aláh</i></a>. Vol. 1. Tinsley Brothers.</cite></li>

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<li><cite id="CITEREFLevick2007" class="citation book cs1">Levick, Barbara (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uYTh0KFGJ9MC&q=Arethusa+Syria"><i>Julia Domna, Syrian Empress</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0415331432</bdi>.</cite></li>

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<li><cite id="CITEREFSirriyeh2005" class="citation book cs1">Sirriyeh, Elizabeth (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=d4XYRgmgXsIC&q=Rastan+Ottoman"><i>Sufi Visionary of Ottoman Damascus: ʻAbd Al-Ghanī Al-Nābulusī, 1641–1731</i></a>. Psychology Press. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0415341655</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFle_Strange1890" class="citation cs2">le Strange, Guy (1890), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/palestineundermo00lestuoft"><i>Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500</i></a>, Committee of the <a href="Palestine_Exploration_Fund" title="Palestine Exploration Fund">Palestine Exploration Fund</a></cite></li>

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<li><cite id="CITEREFWalpole1851" class="citation book cs1">Walpole, Frederick (1851). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ansayriiorassas01unkngoog"><i>The Ansayrii, (or Assassins,): With Travels in the Further East, in 1850–51. Including a Visit to Ninevah</i></a>. R. Bentley. <q>Telbisse Rastan.</q></cite></li>

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</div>

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</style><div id="Cities_and_towns_of_Syria169" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="List_of_cities_in_Syria" title="List of cities in Syria">Cities and towns of Syria</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Governorates_of_Syria" title="Governorates of Syria">Governorate</a> centres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a></li>

<li><a href="Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a></li>

<li><a href="Daraa" title="Daraa">Daraa</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Hasakah" title="Al-Hasakah">al-Hasakah</a></li>

<li><a href="Idlib" title="Idlib">Idlib</a></li>

<li><a href="Latakia" title="Latakia">Latakia</a></li>

<li><a href="Quneitra" title="Quneitra">Quneitra</a></li>

<li><a href="Raqqa" title="Raqqa">Raqqa</a></li>

<li><a href="Rif_Dimashq" class="mw-redirect" title="Rif Dimashq">Rif Dimashq</a></li>

<li><a href="Suwayda" title="Suwayda">Suwayda</a></li>

<li><a href="Tartus" title="Tartus">Tartus</a></li></ul>

</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Districts_of_Syria" title="Districts of Syria">District</a> centres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Abu_Kamal" title="Abu Kamal">Abu Kamal</a></li>

<li><a href="Afrin%2C_Syria" title="Afrin, Syria">Afrin</a></li>

<li><a href="Ariha%2C_Idlib" title="Ariha, Idlib">Ariha</a></li>

<li><a href="Atarib" title="Atarib">Atarib</a></li>

<li><a href="Baniyas" title="Baniyas">Baniyas</a></li>

<li><a href="Darayya" title="Darayya">Darayya</a></li>

<li><a href="Dayr_Hafir" title="Dayr Hafir">Dayr Hafir</a></li>

<li><a href="Douma%2C_Syria" title="Douma, Syria">Douma</a></li>

<li><a href="Duraykish" title="Duraykish">Duraykish</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Haffah" title="Al-Haffah">al-Haffah</a></li>

<li><a href="Harem%2C_Syria" title="Harem, Syria">Harem</a></li>

<li><a href="Jableh" title="Jableh">Jableh</a></li>

<li><a href="Jarabulus" title="Jarabulus">Jarabulus</a></li>

<li><a href="Jisr_ash-Shughur" title="Jisr ash-Shughur">Jisr ash-Shughur</a></li>

<li><a href="Maarat_al-Numaan" class="mw-redirect" title="Maarat al-Numaan">Maarat al-Numaan</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Malikiyah" title="Al-Malikiyah">al-Malikiyah</a></li>

<li><a href="Manbij" title="Manbij">Manbij</a></li>

<li><a href="Masyaf" title="Masyaf">Masyaf</a></li>

<li><a href="Mayadin" title="Mayadin">Mayadin</a></li>

<li><a href="Mhardeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Mhardeh">Mhardeh</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Mukharram" title="Al-Mukharram">al-Mukharram al-Foqani</a></li>

<li><a href="Palmyra" title="Palmyra">Palmyra</a></li>

<li><a href="Qamishli" title="Qamishli">Qamishli</a></li>

<li><a href="Qardaha" title="Qardaha">Qardaha</a></li>

<li><a href="Qatana" title="Qatana">Qatana</a></li>

<li><a href="Qudsaya" title="Qudsaya">Qudsaya</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Qusayr%2C_Syria" title="Al-Qusayr, Syria">al-Qusayr</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Qutayfah" title="Al-Qutayfah">al-Qutayfah</a></li>

<li><a href="As-Safira" title="As-Safira">as-Safira</a></li>

<li><a href="Safita" title="Safita">Safita</a></li>

<li><a href="Salamiyah" title="Salamiyah">Salamiyah</a></li>

<li><a href="Salkhad" title="Salkhad">Salkhad</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Sanamayn" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Sanamayn">al-Sanamayn</a></li>

<li><a href="Shahba" title="Shahba">Shahba</a></li>

<li><a href="Ash-Shaykh_Badr" class="mw-redirect" title="Ash-Shaykh Badr">ash-Shaykh Badr</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Suqaylabiyah" title="Al-Suqaylabiyah">al-Suqaylabiyah</a></li>

<li><a href="Talkalakh" title="Talkalakh">Talkalakh</a></li>

<li><a href="Tell_Abyad" title="Tell Abyad">Tell Abyad</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Thawrah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Thawrah">al-Thawrah</a></li>

<li><a href="Yabroud" title="Yabroud">Yabroud</a></li>

<li><a href="Zabadani" class="mw-redirect" title="Zabadani">Zabadani</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Nahiyah" title="Nahiyah">Sub-district</a> centres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Abu_Qilqil" title="Abu Qilqil">Abu Qilqil</a></li>

<li><a href="Abu_al-Thuhur" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu al-Thuhur">Abu al-Thuhur</a></li>

<li><a href="Akhtarin" title="Akhtarin">Akhtarin</a></li>

<li><a href="Amuda" title="Amuda">Amuda</a></li>

<li><a href="Arbeen" class="mw-redirect" title="Arbeen">Arbeen</a></li>

<li><a href="Arima%2C_Syria" title="Arima, Syria">Arima</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Ariqah" title="Al-Ariqah">al-Ariqah</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Arishah" title="Al-Arishah">al-Arishah</a></li>

<li><a href="Armanaz" title="Armanaz">Armanaz</a></li>

<li><a href="Arwad" title="Arwad">Arwad</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Asharah" title="Al-Asharah">al-Asharah</a></li>

<li><a href="Assal_al-Ward" title="Assal al-Ward">Assal al-Ward</a></li>

<li><a href="Ayn_al-Fijah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayn al-Fijah">Ayn al-Fijah</a></li>

<li><a href="Ayn_Halaqim" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayn Halaqim">Ayn Halaqim</a></li>

<li><a href="Babbila" title="Babbila">Babbila</a></li>

<li><a href="Banan%2C_Syria" title="Banan, Syria">Banan</a></li>

<li><a href="Barri_Sharqi" title="Barri Sharqi">Barri Sharqi</a></li>

<li><a href="Binnish" title="Binnish">Binnish</a></li>

<li><a href="Bir_al-Helou" title="Bir al-Helou">Bir al-Helou</a></li>

<li><a href="Bosra" title="Bosra">Bosra</a></li>

<li><a href="Bulbul%2C_Syria" title="Bulbul, Syria">Bulbul</a></li>

<li><a href="Busayrah" class="mw-redirect" title="Busayrah">Busayrah</a></li>

<li><a href="Darat_Izza" title="Darat Izza">Darat Izza</a></li>

<li><a href="Darkush" title="Darkush">Darkush</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Darbasiyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Darbasiyah">al-Darbasiyah</a></li>

<li><a href="Deir_Atiyah" title="Deir Atiyah">Deir Atiyah</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Dimas" title="Al-Dimas">al-Dimas</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Dumayr" title="Al-Dumayr">al-Dumayr</a></li>

<li><a href="Furqlus" title="Furqlus">Furqlus</a></li>

<li><a href="Ghabaghib" title="Ghabaghib">Ghabaghib</a></li>

<li><a href="Ghandoura" title="Ghandoura">Ghandoura</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Ghariyah" title="Al-Ghariyah">al-Ghariyah</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Ghizlaniyah" title="Al-Ghizlaniyah">al-Ghizlaniyah</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Hader%2C_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Hader, Syria">al-Hader</a></li>

<li><a href="Hadidah" title="Hadidah">Hadidah</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Hajar_al-Aswad" title="Al-Hajar al-Aswad">al-Hajar al-Aswad</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Hajib" title="Al-Hajib">al-Hajib</a></li>

<li><a href="Hajin" title="Hajin">Hajin</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Hamidiyah" title="Al-Hamidiyah">al-Hamidiyah</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Hamraa" title="Al-Hamraa">al-Hamraa</a></li>

<li><a href="Harasta" title="Harasta">Harasta</a></li>

<li><a href="Harbnafsah" class="mw-redirect" title="Harbnafsah">Harbnafsah</a></li>

<li><a href="Harran_al-Awamid" title="Harran al-Awamid">Harran al-Awamid</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Hirak%2C_Syria" title="Al-Hirak, Syria">al-Hirak</a></li>

<li><a href="Hisyah" title="Hisyah">Hisyah</a></li>

<li><a href="Huraytan" class="mw-redirect" title="Huraytan">Huraytan</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Huwash" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Huwash">al-Huwash</a></li>

<li><a href="Ibbin_Samaan" title="Ibbin Samaan">Ibbin Samaan</a></li>

<li><a href="Ihsim" title="Ihsim">Ihsim</a></li>

<li><a href="Jayrud" title="Jayrud">Jayrud</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Jalaa" title="Al-Jalaa">al-Jalaa</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Janudiyah" title="Al-Janudiyah">al-Janudiyah</a></li>

<li><a href="Jaramana" title="Jaramana">Jaramana</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Jarniyah" title="Al-Jarniyah">al-Jarniyah</a></li>

<li><a href="Jasim" title="Jasim">Jasim</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Jawadiyah" title="Al-Jawadiyah">al-Jawadiyah</a></li>

<li><a href="Jubb_al-Jarrah" title="Jubb al-Jarrah">Jubb al-Jarrah</a></li>

<li><a href="Jubb_Ramlah" title="Jubb Ramlah">Jubb Ramlah</a></li>

<li><a href="Jindires" title="Jindires">Jindires</a></li>

<li><a href="Kafr_Batna" title="Kafr Batna">Kafr Batna</a></li>

<li><a href="Kafr_Takharim" title="Kafr Takharim">Kafr Takharim</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Karamah%2C_Raqqa_Governorate" title="Al-Karamah, Raqqa Governorate">al-Karamah</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Kasrah" title="Al-Kasrah">al-Kasrah</a></li>

<li><a href="Kessab" title="Kessab">Kessab</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Khafsah" title="Al-Khafsah">al-Khafsah</a></li>

<li><a href="Khan_Shaykhun" title="Khan Shaykhun">Khan Shaykhun</a></li>

<li><a href="Khasham" title="Khasham">Khasham</a></li>

<li><a href="Kirnaz" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirnaz">Kirnaz</a></li>

<li><a href="Kuwayris_Sharqi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuwayris Sharqi">Kuwayris Sharqi</a></li>

<li><a href="Khanasir" title="Khanasir">Khanaser</a></li>

<li><a href="Khirbet_Ghazaleh" title="Khirbet Ghazaleh">Khirbet Ghazaleh</a></li>

<li><a href="Khirbet_al-Tin_Mahmoud" class="mw-redirect" title="Khirbet al-Tin Mahmoud">Khirbet al-Tin Mahmoud</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Kiswah" title="Al-Kiswah">al-Kiswah</a></li>

<li><a href="Ma'arrat_Misrin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ma'arrat Misrin">Ma'arrat Misrin</a></li>

<li><a href="Maabatli" title="Maabatli">Maabatli</a></li>

<li><a href="Maadan" class="mw-redirect" title="Maadan">Maadan</a></li>

<li><a href="Maaloula" title="Maaloula">Maaloula</a></li>

<li><a href="Madaya%2C_Syria" title="Madaya, Syria">Madaya</a></li>

<li><a href="Mahin%2C_Syria" title="Mahin, Syria">Mahin</a></li>

<li><a href="Tell_Malah" title="Tell Malah">Malah</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Malihah" title="Al-Malihah">al-Malihah</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Mansurah%2C_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Mansurah, Syria">al-Mansurah</a></li>

<li><a href="Markada" title="Markada">Markada</a></li>

<li><a href="Mashta_al-Helu" title="Mashta al-Helu">Mashta al-Helu</a></li>

<li><a href="Maskanah" title="Maskanah">Maskanah</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Masmiyah" title="Al-Masmiyah">al-Masmiyah</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Mazraa%2C_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Mazraa, Syria">al-Mazraa</a></li>

<li><a href="Muhambal" title="Muhambal">Muhambal</a></li>

<li><a href="Muhasan" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhasan">Muhasan</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Musayfirah" title="Al-Musayfirah">al-Musayfirah</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Mushannaf" title="Al-Mushannaf">al-Mushannaf</a></li>

<li><a href="Muzayrib" title="Muzayrib">Muzayrib</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Nashabiyah" title="Al-Nashabiyah">al-Nashabiyah</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Nasirah%2C_Syria" title="Al-Nasirah, Syria">al-Nasirah</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Qadmus" title="Al-Qadmus">al-Qadmus</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Qahtaniyah%2C_Al-Hasakah_Governorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Qahtaniyah, Al-Hasakah Governorate">al-Qahtaniyah</a></li>

<li><a href="Qalaat_al-Madiq" title="Qalaat al-Madiq">Qalaat al-Madiq</a></li>

<li><a href="Qarah%2C_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Qarah, Syria">Qarah</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Qaryatayn" title="Al-Qaryatayn">al-Qaryatayn</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Qurayya" title="Al-Qurayya">al-Qurayya</a></li>

<li><a href="Qurqania" title="Qurqania">Qurqania</a></li>

<li><a href="Rankus" class="mw-redirect" title="Rankus">Rankus</a></li>

<li><a href="Rasm_Harmil_al-Imam" title="Rasm Harmil al-Imam">Rasm Harmil al-Imam</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Riqama" title="Al-Riqama">al-Riqama</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Ruhaybah" title="Al-Ruhaybah">al-Ruhaybah</a></li>

<li><a href="Saasaa" class="mw-redirect" title="Saasaa">Saasaa</a></li>

<li><a href="Sabburah" title="Sabburah">Sabburah</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Sabe'_Biyar" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Sabe' Biyar">al-Sabe' Biyar</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Sabkhah" title="Al-Sabkhah">al-Sabkhah</a></li>

<li><a href="Sadad%2C_Syria" title="Sadad, Syria">Sadad</a></li>

<li><a href="Sahnaya" title="Sahnaya">Sahnaya</a></li>

<li><a href="Saidnaya" title="Saidnaya">Saidnaya</a></li>

<li><a href="Salqin" title="Salqin">Salqin</a></li>

<li><a href="Saraqib" title="Saraqib">Saraqib</a></li>

<li><a href="Sarmin" title="Sarmin">Sarmin</a></li>

<li><a href="Sarrin" title="Sarrin">Sarrin</a></li>

<li><a href="Sawran%2C_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Sawran, Syria">Sawran</a></li>

<li><a href="Sebei%2C_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Sebei, Syria">Sebei</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Shaddadah" title="Al-Shaddadah">al-Shaddadah</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Shajara%2C_Syria" title="Al-Shajara, Syria">al-Shajara</a></li>

<li><a href="Shaqqa" title="Shaqqa">Shaqqa</a></li>

<li><a href="Sharran" title="Sharran">Sharran</a></li>

<li><a href="Shathah" title="Shathah">Shathah</a></li>

<li><a href="Shaykh_al-Hadid" title="Shaykh al-Hadid">Shaykh al-Hadid</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Shaykh_Maskin" title="Al-Shaykh Maskin">al-Shaykh Maskin</a></li>

<li><a href="Shayukh_Tahtani" class="mw-redirect" title="Shayukh Tahtani">Shayukh Tahtani</a></li>

<li><a href="Sinjar%2C_Idlib" title="Sinjar, Idlib">Sinjar</a></li>

<li><a href="Sirghaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirghaya">Sirghaya</a></li>

<li><a href="Slinfah" title="Slinfah">Slinfah</a></li>

<li><a href="Suluk%2C_Syria" title="Suluk, Syria">Suluk</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Surah_al-Saghirah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Surah al-Saghirah">al-Surah al-Saghirah</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Suwar" title="Al-Suwar">al-Suwar</a></li>

<li><a href="Suran%2C_Hama_Governorate" title="Suran, Hama Governorate">Suran</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Susah" title="Al-Susah">al-Susah</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Sukhnah%2C_Syria" title="Al-Sukhnah, Syria">al-Sukhnah</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Tabni" title="Al-Tabni">al-Tabni</a></li>

<li><a href="Talbiseh" title="Talbiseh">Talbiseh</a></li>

<li><a href="Taldou" title="Taldou">Taldou</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Tamanah" title="Al-Tamanah">al-Tamanah</a></li>

<li><a href="Tasil" title="Tasil">Tasil</a></li>

<li><a href="Tell_al-Daman" title="Tell al-Daman">Tell al-Daman</a></li>

<li><a href="Tell_Hamis" title="Tell Hamis">Tell Hamis</a></li>

<li><a href="Tell_Rifaat" title="Tell Rifaat">Tell Rifaat</a></li>

<li><a href="Tell_Salhab" title="Tell Salhab">Tell Salhab</a></li>

<li><a href="Tell_Tamer" title="Tell Tamer">Tell Tamer</a></li>

<li><a href="Tedef" class="mw-redirect" title="Tedef">Tedef</a></li>

<li><a href="Thiban" class="mw-redirect" title="Thiban">Thiban</a></li>

<li><a href="Uqayribat" title="Uqayribat">Uqayribat</a></li>

<li><a href="Urum_al-Kubra" title="Urum al-Kubra">Urum al-Kubra</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Yaarubiyah" title="Al-Yaarubiyah">al-Yaarubiyah</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Zirbah" title="Al-Zirbah">al-Zirbah</a></li>

<li><a href="Az-Ziyarah" class="mw-redirect" title="Az-Ziyarah">az-Ziyarah</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Homs_Governorate20" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Homs_Governorate20" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Homs_Governorate" title="Homs Governorate">Homs Governorate</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left: 108px;"><div id="Homs_District20" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Homs_District" title="Homs District">Homs District</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-center: 108px">Homs<br>Subdistrict</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li>Ashrafiyah</li>

<li><a href="Al-Dar_al-Kabirah" title="Al-Dar al-Kabirah">al-Dar al-Kabirah</a></li>

<li>Fahilah</li>

<li><a href="Fairouzeh" title="Fairouzeh">Fairouzeh</a></li>

<li>Hubub al-Rih</li>

<li>Halmuz</li>

<li>al-Hurriyah</li>

<li>Jawalik</li>

<li><a href="Jawbar%2C_Homs" title="Jawbar, Homs">Jawbar</a></li>

<li>Judaydat al-Assi</li>

<li>Judaydat al-Sharqiyah</li>

<li><a href="Maskanah%2C_Homs_Governorate" title="Maskanah, Homs Governorate">Maskanah</a></li>

<li>al-Mubarakiyah</li>

<li>al-Mukhtariyah</li>

<li>al-Najmah</li>

<li><a href="Al-Naqirah" title="Al-Naqirah">al-Naqirah</a></li>

<li><a href="Qattinah" title="Qattinah">Qattinah</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Rayyan%2C_Syria" title="Al-Rayyan, Syria">al-Rayyan</a></li>

<li>al-Riyadh</li>

<li><a href="Sakrah" title="Sakrah">Sakrah</a></li>

<li><a href="Teir_Maalah" title="Teir Maalah">Teir Maalah</a></li>

<li><a href="Tell_Ahmar" class="mw-redirect" title="Tell Ahmar">Tell Ahmar</a></li>

<li>Tell Zubaydah</li>

<li><a href="Al-Thabitiyah" title="Al-Thabitiyah">al-Thabitiyah</a></li>

<li><a href="Zaidal" title="Zaidal">Zaidal</a></li>

<li>Zhuriyah</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-center: 108px">Ayn al-Niser<br>Subdistrict</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><b><a href="Ayn_al-Niser" title="Ayn al-Niser">Ayn al-Niser</a></b></li>

<li>Ayn al-Dananir</li>

<li>Ayn Husayn Gharbi</li>

<li>Ayn Husayn Shamali</li>

<li>Baddu</li>

<li>Burzah</li>

<li>Humaydiyah</li>

<li>al-Jabiriyah</li>

<li><a href="Al-Mushrifah" title="Al-Mushrifah">al-Mushrifah</a></li>

<li><a href="Talamri" title="Talamri">Talamri</a></li>

<li>Waridah</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-center: 108px">Furqlus<br>Subdistrict</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><b><a href="Furqlus" title="Furqlus">Furqlus</a></b></li>

<li><a href="Fatim_al-Arnouk" title="Fatim al-Arnouk">Fatim al-Arnouk</a></li>

<li>al-Hazzah</li>

<li>Hulayah</li>

<li><a href="Jabab_Hamad" title="Jabab Hamad">Jabab Hamad</a></li>

<li><a href="Jubb_al-Shami" title="Jubb al-Shami">Jubb al-Shami</a></li>

<li>al-Nasriyah</li>

<li>al-Sabuniyah</li>

<li><a href="Al-Sayyid%2C_Syria" title="Al-Sayyid, Syria">al-Sayyid</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-center: 108px">Hisyah<br>Subdistrict</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><b><a href="Hisyah" title="Hisyah">Hisyah</a></b></li>

<li><a href="Bureij%2C_Homs" title="Bureij, Homs">Bureij</a></li>

<li>Dibeh</li>

<li><a href="Jandar%2C_Syria" title="Jandar, Syria">Jandar</a></li>

<li>al-Kashaf</li>

<li>al-Ma'murah</li>

<li><a href="Shamsin" title="Shamsin">Shamsin</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-center: 108px">Khirbet Tin Nur<br>Subdistrict</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><b><a href="Khirbet_Tin_Nur" title="Khirbet Tin Nur">Khirbet Tin Nur</a></b></li>

<li>Aysun</li>

<li><a href="Balqasah" title="Balqasah">Balqasah</a></li>

<li><a href="Bataysah" title="Bataysah">Bataysah</a></li>

<li>al-Dahiyah al-Umaliyah</li>

<li>al-Faysiyah</li>

<li><a href="Ghuzaylah" title="Ghuzaylah">Ghuzaylah</a></li>

<li><a href="Khirbet_Ghazi" title="Khirbet Ghazi">Khirbet Ghazi</a></li>

<li><a href="Khirbet_al-Hamam" title="Khirbet al-Hamam">Khirbet al-Hamam</a></li>

<li>Khirbet Hayek</li>

<li><a href="Khirbet_al-Sawda%2C_Homs" title="Khirbet al-Sawda, Homs">Khirbet al-Sawda</a></li>

<li><a href="Khirbet_Tin_Mahmoud" title="Khirbet Tin Mahmoud">Khirbet Tin Mahmoud</a></li>

<li><a href="Kunaysah" title="Kunaysah">Kunaysah</a></li>

<li><a href="Liftaya" title="Liftaya">Liftaya</a></li>

<li>Marj Bulad</li>

<li>Mashahdah (Khirbet Sawda)</li>

<li><a href="Al-Mazraa%2C_Homs" title="Al-Mazraa, Homs">al-Mazraa</a></li>

<li>Nuwayha</li>

<li><a href="Qazhal" title="Qazhal">Qazhal</a></li>

<li>Qebbi</li>

<li><a href="Al-Rabwah%2C_Homs" title="Al-Rabwah, Homs">al-Rabwah</a></li>

<li>Ram Jabal</li>

<li>Sannun</li>

<li><a href="Shalluh" title="Shalluh">Shalluh</a></li>

<li><a href="Tarin%2C_Syria" title="Tarin, Syria">Tarin</a></li>

<li><a href="Tannunah" title="Tannunah">Tannunah</a></li>

<li><a href="Umm_al-Qasab" title="Umm al-Qasab">Umm al-Qasab</a></li>

<li>Umm Haratayn</li>

<li><a href="Wujuh_al-Hajar" title="Wujuh al-Hajar">Wujuh al-Hajar</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Zurzuriyah" title="Al-Zurzuriyah">al-Zurzuriyah</a></li>

<li>Zayti al-Bahra</li>

<li>Zawr Baqraya</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-center: 108px">Mahin<br>Subdistrict</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><b><a href="Mahin%2C_Syria" title="Mahin, Syria">Mahin</a></b></li>

<li>al-Ghunthir</li>

<li><a href="Huwwarin" title="Huwwarin">Huwwarin</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-center: 108px">Qabu<br>Subdistrict</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Autan" title="Autan">Autan</a></li>

<li><a href="Fahil" title="Fahil">Fahil</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Qanaqiyah" title="Al-Qanaqiyah">al-Qanaqiyah</a></li>

<li><a href="Rabah%2C_Syria" title="Rabah, Syria">Rabah</a></li>

<li><a href="Sharqliyya" title="Sharqliyya">Sharqliyya</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Shinyah" title="Al-Shinyah">al-Shinyah</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-center: 108px">Qaryatayn<br>Subdistrict</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><b><a href="Al-Qaryatayn" title="Al-Qaryatayn">Al-Qaryatayn</a></b></li>

<li><a href="Tiyas" title="Tiyas">Tiyas</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-center: 108px">Riqama<br>Subdistrict</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><b><a href="Al-Riqama" title="Al-Riqama">Al-Riqama</a></b></li>

<li><a href="Alyat%2C_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Alyat, Syria">Alyat</a></li>

<li>al-Aziziyah</li>

<li><a href="Dardaghan" title="Dardaghan">Dardaghan</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Hamrat" title="Al-Hamrat">al-Hamrat</a></li>

<li>Jabab al-Zayt</li>

<li>al-Madaba</li>

<li>al-Manzul</li>

<li>al-Nuzhah</li>

<li>al-Rawdah</li>

<li><a href="Shayrat" title="Shayrat">Shayrat</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-center: 108px">Sadad<br>Subdistrict</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><b><a href="Sadad%2C_Syria" title="Sadad, Syria">Sadad</a></b></li>

<li><a href="Al-Hafar%2C_Syria" title="Al-Hafar, Syria">al-Hafar</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-center: 108px">Shin<br>Subdistrict</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Ayn_Al-Fawwar" title="Ayn Al-Fawwar">Ayn Al-Fawwar</a></li>

<li><a href="Bahhur" title="Bahhur">Bahhur</a></li>

<li>al-Diyabiyah</li>

<li><a href="Hadiyah" title="Hadiyah">Hadiyah</a></li>

<li><a href="Hasur%2C_Syria" title="Hasur, Syria">Hasur</a></li>

<li>al-Jabbat</li>

<li><a href="Jablaya" title="Jablaya">Jablaya</a></li>

<li><a href="Juwaykat" class="mw-redirect" title="Juwaykat">Juwaykat</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Mahfurah" title="Al-Mahfurah">al-Mahfurah</a></li>

<li><a href="Muranah" title="Muranah">Muranah</a></li>

<li><a href="Suwayri" title="Suwayri">Suwayri</a></li>

<li>Zaafarinah Gharbi</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-center: 108px">Taldou<br>Subdistrict</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><b><a href="Taldou" title="Taldou">Taldou</a></b></li>

<li><a href="Karad_Dayasinah" title="Karad Dayasinah">Karad Dayasinah</a></li>

<li><a href="Arqaya" title="Arqaya">Arqaya</a></li>

<li><a href="Ghawr_Gharbiyah" title="Ghawr Gharbiyah">Ghawr Gharbiyah</a></li>

<li>Hadatha</li>

<li><a href="Harqal" title="Harqal">Harqal</a></li>

<li>al-Hashmah</li>

<li>Haysah</li>

<li>al-Humaymah</li>

<li><a href="Jurnaya" title="Jurnaya">Jurnaya</a></li>

<li>Mahnaya</li>

<li><a href="Maryamin%2C_Homs" title="Maryamin, Homs">Maryamin</a></li>

<li>Mujaydil</li>

<li>Rafin</li>

<li><a href="Samalil" title="Samalil">Samalil</a></li>

<li>Sinsil</li>

<li><a href="Tell_Dahab" title="Tell Dahab">Tell Dahab</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Taybah_al-Gharbiyah" title="Al-Taybah al-Gharbiyah">al-Taybah al-Gharbiyah</a></li>

<li>Zaybaq</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"></span><br><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left: 108px;"><div id="Mukharram_District20" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Al-Mukharram_District" title="Al-Mukharram District">Mukharram District</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-center: 108px">Mukharram<br>Subdistrict</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><b><a href="Al-Mukharram" title="Al-Mukharram">Al-Mukharram al-Fawqani</a></b></i></li>

<li><a href="Abu_Hakfah_al-Janubi" title="Abu Hakfah al-Janubi">Abu Hakfah al-Janubi</a></li>

<li>Abu Hakfah al-Shamali</li>

<li>Abu Khashabah</li>

<li>al-Batamah</li>

<li><a href="Buwaydat_Rihaniyah" title="Buwaydat Rihaniyah">Buwaydat Rihaniyah</a></li>

<li>Buwaydat Salamiyah</li>

<li><a href="Al-Haraki" title="Al-Haraki">al-Haraki</a></li>

<li><a href="Jubb_Abbas" title="Jubb Abbas">Jubb Abbas</a></li>

<li>al-Junaynat</li>

<li><a href="Khilfah" title="Khilfah">Khilfah</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Mukharram_al-Tahtani" title="Al-Mukharram al-Tahtani">al-Mukharram al-Tahtani</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Sankari" title="Al-Sankari">al-Sankari</a></li>

<li>Shawkatliyah</li>

<li>Tell Shinan</li>

<li><a href="Umm_Jabab" title="Umm Jabab">Umm Jabab</a></li>

<li>Umm al-Sarj al-Qibli</li>

<li>Umm al-Sarj al-Shamali</li>

<li>Umm Tuwaynah</li>

<li>al-Uthmaniyah</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-center: 108px">Jubb al-Jarrah<br>Subdistrict</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><b><a href="Jubb_al-Jarrah" title="Jubb al-Jarrah">Jubb al-Jarrah</a></b></li>

<li><a href="Abu_Qatur" title="Abu Qatur">Abu Qatur</a></li>

<li>Aliyat al-Alyan</li>

<li>Duwayr al-Gharbiyah</li>

<li>Duwayr al-Sharqiyah</li>

<li>Ghuzayliyah</li>

<li><a href="Maksar_al-Hisan" title="Maksar al-Hisan">Maksar al-Hisan</a></li>

<li>Masaadah</li>

<li><a href="Masudiyah" title="Masudiyah">Masudiyah</a></li>

<li>Mughayzil</li>

<li>Muntar al-Abal</li>

<li>Mushayrifah al-Qibliyah</li>

<li>Rasm Humaydah</li>

<li>Shiha</li>

<li>Taladi</li>

<li>Tarfawi</li>

<li>Tawil</li>

<li>Umm Tuwaynah al-Shamali</li>

<li>Usmud</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left: 108px;"><div id="Qusayr_District20" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Al-Qusayr_District" title="Al-Qusayr District">Qusayr District</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="QusayrSubdistrict23" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: lavender;">Qusayr<br>Subdistrict</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><b><a href="Al-Qusayr%2C_Syria" title="Al-Qusayr, Syria">Al-Qusayr</a></b></i></li>

<li><a href="Al-Aqrabiyah" title="Al-Aqrabiyah">al-Aqrabiyah</a></li>

<li><a href="Arjoun" title="Arjoun">Arjoun</a></li>

<li><a href="Akkum" title="Akkum">Akkum</a></li>

<li>Baluzah</li>

<li>Burhaniyah</li>

<li><a href="Al-Buwaydah_al-Sharqiyah" title="Al-Buwaydah al-Sharqiyah">al-Buwaydah al-Sharqiyah</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Dabaah" title="Al-Dabaah">al-Dabaah</a></li>

<li>Dahiyat al-Majd</li>

<li><a href="Daminah_al-Sharqiyah" title="Daminah al-Sharqiyah">Daminah al-Sharqiyah</a></li>

<li><a href="Daminah_al-Gharbiyah" title="Daminah al-Gharbiyah">Daminah al-Gharbiyah</a></li>

<li><a href="Dibbin" title="Dibbin">Dibbin</a></li>

<li>Diyabiyah</li>

<li>al-Fadeliyah</li>

<li><a href="Al-Ghassaniyah" title="Al-Ghassaniyah">al-Ghassaniyah</a></li>

<li>al-Hamam</li>

<li>al-Hawik</li>

<li>Hawsh Murshid Sama'an</li>

<li><a href="Hawsh_al-Sayyid_Ali" title="Hawsh al-Sayyid Ali">Hawsh al-Sayyid Ali</a></li>

<li>Husseiniya</li>

<li>Jubaniyah</li>

<li><a href="Jusiyah_al-Amar" title="Jusiyah al-Amar">Jusiyah al-Amar</a></li>

<li><a href="Kafr_Mousa" title="Kafr Mousa">Kafr Mousa</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Masriyah" title="Al-Masriyah">al-Masriyah</a></li>

<li>Mudan</li>

<li>al-Nahariyah</li>

<li><a href="Al-Nizariyah" title="Al-Nizariyah">al-Nizariyah</a></li>

<li>al-Qurniyah</li>

<li><a href="Rablah" title="Rablah">Rablah</a></li>

<li>al-Sakher</li>

<li><a href="Al-Sallumiyah" title="Al-Sallumiyah">al-Sallumiyah</a></li>

<li>Samaqiyat al-Gharbiyah</li>

<li>Samaqiyat al-Sharqiyah</li>

<li>Saqrajah</li>

<li>al-Sawadiyah</li>

<li>al-Shayahat</li>

<li>al-Shumariyah</li>

<li><a href="Shinshar" title="Shinshar">Shinshar</a></li>

<li><a href="Tell_al-Nabi_Mando" title="Tell al-Nabi Mando">Tell al-Nabi Mando</a></li>

<li>Wadi Hanna</li>

<li><a href="Zita_al-Gharbiyah" title="Zita al-Gharbiyah">Zita al-Gharbiyah</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left: 108px;"><div id="Rastan_District20" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Al-Rastan_District" title="Al-Rastan District">Rastan District</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: lavender;">Rastan<br>Subdistrict</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Abu_Hamamah" title="Abu Hamamah">Abu Hamamah</a></li>

<li><a href="Asiliyah" title="Asiliyah">Asiliyah</a></li>

<li>Ballan</li>

<li>Dalfin</li>

<li>al-Ghasibiyah</li>

<li><a href="Gharnatah" title="Gharnatah">Gharnatah</a></li>

<li>Hameis</li>

<li><a href="Kissin%2C_Syria" title="Kissin, Syria">Kissin</a></li>

<li>al-Manara</li>

<li><a href="Murayj_al-Durr" title="Murayj al-Durr">Murayj al-Durr</a></li>

<li>al-Qunaytrat</li>

<li>Sulaym</li>

<li><a href="Tasnin" title="Tasnin">Tasnin</a></li>

<li>Zamaymer</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: lavender;">Talbiseh<br>Subdistrict</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><b><a href="Talbiseh" title="Talbiseh">Talbiseh</a></b></li>

<li>al-Farhaniyah</li>

<li><a href="Al-Ghantu" title="Al-Ghantu">al-Ghantu</a></li>

<li>al-Hashimiyah</li>

<li>al-Makramiyah</li>

<li>al-Qanniyah</li>

<li>Saan al-Aswad</li>

<li>al-Sabil</li>

<li>Tell Jayurin</li>

<li>al-Thawrah</li>

<li>Umm Sharshuh</li>

<li><a href="Al-Zaafaraniyah" title="Al-Zaafaraniyah">al-Zaafaraniyah</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left: 108px;"><div id="Tadmur_District20" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Tadmur_District" title="Tadmur District">Tadmur District</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: lavender;">Tadmur<br>Subdistrict</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><b><a href="Tadmur" class="mw-redirect" title="Tadmur">Tadmur</a></b></i></li>

<li><a href="Al-Bayda%2C_Tadmur" title="Al-Bayda, Tadmur">al-Bayda</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: lavender;">Sukhnah<br>Subdistrict</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><b><a href="Al-Sukhnah%2C_Syria" title="Al-Sukhnah, Syria">Al-Sukhnah</a></b></li>

<li>Karim</li>

<li><a href="Al-Kadir%2C_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Kadir, Syria">al-Kadir</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Taybah%2C_Homs_Governorate" title="Al-Taybah, Homs Governorate">al-Taybah</a></li>

<li>al-Tuwaynat</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left: 108px;"><div id="Talkalakh_District20" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Talkalakh_District" title="Talkalakh District">Talkalakh District</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: lavender;">Talkalakh<br>Subdistrict</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><b><a href="Talkalakh" title="Talkalakh">Talkalakh</a></b></i></li>

<li><a href="Akkari%2C_Syria" title="Akkari, Syria">Akkari</a></li>

<li>al-Amariyah</li>

<li>Aridah</li>

<li>Ayn al-Sawda</li>

<li><a href="Ayn_al-Tineh_al-Gharbiyah" title="Ayn al-Tineh al-Gharbiyah">Ayn al-Tineh al-Gharbiyah</a></li>

<li>al-Bahluniyah</li>

<li>Baruha</li>

<li>Bayt Qarin</li>

<li><a href="Burj_al-Maksur" title="Burj al-Maksur">Burj al-Maksur</a></li>

<li><a href="Dabousieh" title="Dabousieh">Dabousieh</a></li>

<li><a href="Hajar_Abyad" title="Hajar Abyad">Hajar Abyad</a></li>

<li>Halat</li>

<li><a href="Hasrajiyah" title="Hasrajiyah">Hasrajiyah</a></li>

<li>Jaafariyat</li>

<li><a href="Kafrish" title="Kafrish">Kafrish</a></li>

<li>Khirbet al-Jabab</li>

<li><a href="Masyadah" title="Masyadah">Masyadah</a></li>

<li><a href="Naarah%2C_Syria" title="Naarah, Syria">Naarah</a></li>

<li>Qanuta</li>

<li>Qurayyat</li>

<li><a href="Qumayrah" title="Qumayrah">Qumayrah</a></li>

<li>al-Shabaq</li>

<li>al-Shabruniyah</li>

<li><a href="Shalluh" title="Shalluh">Shalluh</a></li>

<li>Shamsiyah</li>

<li>Sindiyana</li>

<li>Samikah</li>

<li><a href="Tell_Hawsh" title="Tell Hawsh">Tell Hawsh</a></li>

<li>Tell Sarrin</li>

<li><a href="Al-Zarah" title="Al-Zarah">al-Zarah</a></li>

<li>Zanbiyah</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: lavender;">Hadidah<br>Subdistrict</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><b><a href="Hadidah" title="Hadidah">Hadidah</a></b></li>

<li><a href="Ayn_al-Tineh_al-Sharqiyah" title="Ayn al-Tineh al-Sharqiyah">Ayn al-Tineh al-Sharqiyah</a></li>

<li>Barudiyah</li>

<li>Bayun</li>

<li>Baznaya</li>

<li>Dardariyah</li>

<li>Haratayn</li>

<li>al-Malikiyah</li>

<li>al-Mashrafah al-Sharqiyah</li>

<li>Khansaa</li>

<li>Khirbet al-Manqalah</li>

<li>Lawaybdah</li>

<li>Marasiyah</li>

<li><a href="Na'isiyah" title="Na'isiyah">Na'isiyah</a></li>

<li><a href="Qaz_al-Khass" title="Qaz al-Khass">Qaz al-Khass</a></li>

<li>Rihaniyah</li>

<li><a href="Umm_al-Dawali" title="Umm al-Dawali">Umm al-Dawali</a></li>

<li>Umm Jamah</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: lavender;">Hawash<br>Subdistrict</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><b><a href="Al-Hawash%2C_Homs_Governorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Hawash, Homs Governorate">Al-Hawash</a></b></li>

<li><a href="Ain_al-Ajouz" title="Ain al-Ajouz">Ain al-Ajouz</a></li>

<li><a href="Ain_al-Ghara" title="Ain al-Ghara">Ain al-Ghara</a></li>

<li><a href="Ballat" title="Ballat">Ballat</a></li>

<li><a href="Bisas" title="Bisas">Bisas</a></li>

<li><a href="Duwair_al-Lin" title="Duwair al-Lin">Duwair al-Lin</a></li>

<li><a href="Ish_al-Shuhah" title="Ish al-Shuhah">Ish al-Shuhah</a></li>

<li><a href="Inata" title="Inata">Inata</a></li>

<li><a href="Juwaniyat" title="Juwaniyat">Juwaniyat</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Mazraah" title="Al-Mazraah">al-Mazraah</a></li>

<li><a href="Mizyeneh" title="Mizyeneh">Mizyeneh</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Muqaabarat" title="Al-Muqaabarat">al-Muqaabarat</a></li>

<li><a href="Muqlus" title="Muqlus">Muqlus</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Shuwayhid" title="Al-Shuwayhid">al-Shuwayhid</a></li>

<li><a href="Tallah%2C_Homs" title="Tallah, Homs">Tallah</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: lavender;">Nasirah<br>Subdistrict</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><b><a href="Al-Nasirah%2C_Syria" title="Al-Nasirah, Syria">Al-Nasirah</a></b></li>

<li><a href="Ain_al-Barda" title="Ain al-Barda">Ain al-Barda</a></li>

<li><a href="Ain_al-Raheb" title="Ain al-Raheb">Ain al-Raheb</a></li>

<li><a href="Bahzinah" title="Bahzinah">Bahzinah</a></li>

<li><a href="Baydar_Rafiah" title="Baydar Rafiah">Baydar Rafiah</a></li>

<li><a href="Daghlah" title="Daghlah">Daghlah</a></li>

<li><a href="Habnamrah" title="Habnamrah">Habnamrah</a></li>

<li><a href="Jankamrah" title="Jankamrah">Jankamrah</a></li>

<li><a href="Jiwar_al-Afas" title="Jiwar al-Afas">Jiwar al-Afas</a></li>

<li><a href="Kafra%2C_Homs" title="Kafra, Homs">Kafra</a></li>

<li><a href="Kimah" title="Kimah">Kimah</a></li>

<li><a href="Marmarita" title="Marmarita">Marmarita</a></li>

<li><a href="Mashta_Azar" title="Mashta Azar">Mashta Azar</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Mishtaya" title="Al-Mishtaya">al-Mishtaya</a></li>

<li><a href="Qalatiyah" title="Qalatiyah">Qalatiyah</a></li>

<li><a href="Tannurin" title="Tannurin">Tannurin</a></li>

<li><a href="Zweitina" title="Zweitina">Zweitina</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1867822#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata839" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1867822#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata839" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Authority control databases </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/134988516">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n89109479">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007565042505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/668199">Pleiades</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/place/63db663d-5062-4c9e-9199-7a6291aa199f">Yale LUX</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-07-16" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Al-Rastan&oldid=1300857550">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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